====== VM disk Expansion LVM with XFS/EXT4 ======= Expand the original disk or add a second vdisk from **Infrastructure Client**.\\ If you are on a kernel newer or equal to 2.6.32 then you can issue the command echo "1" > /sys/block/sdX/device/rescan to get the new size w/o reboot. In case you cant see the "disk" do this: echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan Do this for all host0,1,2 etc. or echo "1" > /sys/class/scsi_device/2\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan whereby after scsi_device you need to find the correct scsi device or apt-get install scsitools rescan-scsi-bus At the end it should list that a new device was found, note down the name/number! echo '1' > /sys/class/scsi_disk/32\:0\:1\:0/device/rescan IMPORTANT: Be sure to replace the 32\:0\:1\:0 with the appropriate disk for your purposes. **EXPAND ORIGINAL DISK** Create an additional partition on the free space, say you increased the existing disc from 8GB to 15GB. The partition type is 8e. cfdisk /dev/sda or cfdisk /dev/sdb **RESIZE ORIGINAL DISK** Resize the already existing partition, e.g. /dev/sda4 to the newly created free partition. cfdisk /dev/sda or cfdisk /dev/sdb Now resize the Physical Volume to the new size pvresize /dev/sda4 extend the logical volume lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/data-www-vg/lvol-datawww next resize the file system resize2fs -p /dev/data-www-vg/lvol-datawww If you get a error: GPT PMBR size mismatch (2362232011 != 2516582399) will be corrected by w(rite). run this command: parted -l and when asked to Fix/Cancel? type **F** # for example if the new partition is /dev/sda3 # create logical disk /dev/sda3 of type 8e (Linux LVM) # make disk visible to linux partprobe pvcreate /dev/sda3 now you have to extend the volgroup. use ''lvdisplay'' to see which is the name of the group,\\ in this example it's **base** lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/base/root VG Name base LV UUID 8cL9Qd-ksIn-1Ve2-94ym-gTrW-8jet-91tnah LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.00 GB Current LE 1280 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 254:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/base/tmp VG Name base LV UUID mEnEXY-UtOf-P439-MDpg-BlT3-n8hI-Q6KIfm LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.00 GB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 254:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/base/swap VG Name base LV UUID fm2A23-FPb3-itQa-Fvf2-QQmj-giwI-j8FZAf LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 254:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/base/data VG Name base LV UUID GZKUbb-hZn2-igXN-3dxj-TNz9-1C15-I8u8MR LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.52 GB Current LE 389 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 254:3 and we assume the new partition is /dev/sda3 vgextend base /dev/sda3 check with ''pvscan'' if the extend was successfull pvscan Now we extend the "data" partition to 11.5 GB. See man lvextend for other options\\ 11.5 G is the NEW total size of the disk we want to extend! Extend the LV to use all free space lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/base/data Extend with 20G lvextend -L +20G /dev/base/data now we have to grow the filesystem /data xfs_growfs /data ===== FOR EXT3/4 ===== Extend filesystem to use all free space vgextend base /dev/sda3 lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/base/root Check that the filesystem is ok, **but only if the FS is unmounted** fsck.ext4 -f /dev/base Now resize the filesystem Debian System: resize2fs -p /dev/base/root Centos/Fedora System: resize4fs -p /dev/base/root ===== For swap ===== swapoff /dev/base/swap lvextend -L 3.9G /dev/base/swap mkswap /dev/base/swap swapon /dev/base/swap free Check if filesystems are ok, and only then release the snapshot Fix issue with swap * swapoff: /dev/dm-1: swapoff failed: Cannot allocate memory [[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/321675/unable-to-swapoff-but-enough-physical-memory-is-available/472012|Swapoff Cannot Allocate Memory]] [[https://leizhilong.github.io/blog/2018-11-12-case-study-swapoff-cannot-allocate-memory/|Swapoff Cannot Allocate Memory]] ======= Create LVM ======= Find all LVM VG vgscan Create Physical Volumes Der Befehl pvcreate legt den VGDA Block auf dem PV an. Er muss für jedes PV ausgeführt werden, bevor es von LVM verwendet werden kann: pvcreate /dev/hda3 Volume Groups anlegen Jetzt legen wir mit 'vgcreate ' unsere Volume Group an und nennen sie "vg01": vgcreate vg01 /dev/hda3 /dev/hdb2 Logische Volumes anlegen. Hier legen wir jetzt alle unsere logischen Volumes an. Als Namen verwenden wir, etwas fantasielos, lvol1, lvol2 und lvol3. Dabei bedienen wir uns mit dem Plattenplatz auf Volume Group vg01, der einzigen Volume Group in diesem Beispiel. Es ist offensichtlich, dass wir hier nicht mehr Plattenplatz "verteilen" können, als wir bei vgcreate in die Volume Group "hineingesteckt" haben, und zwar in Form der beiden Partitionen hda3 und hdb2. (lvcreate -L -n ). lvcreate -l +100%FREE -n lvol1 vg01 oder wir könne die Größen angeben! (1500M) lvcreate -L 1500M -n lvol1 vg01 Filesysteme anlegen Ab jetzt können die logischen Partitionen, genau so wie gewöhnliche Partitionen, über Ihre Device Files angesprochen werden. Gewöhliche Partitionen werden mit /dev/sd[a-z]* oder /dev/hd[a-z]* bezeichnet; Logische Volumes werden mit /dev/VolumeGroupName/LogicalVolumeName angesprochen. Mit mke2fs legen wir die ext2 Filesysteme an: mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg01/lvol1 fstab anpassen Damit die neuen Filesysteme nun bei jedem Systemstart automatisch gemountet werden, müssen wir sie in die Datei /etc/fstab eintragen (siehe 'man fstab'). In unserem Scenario sehen die zusätzlichen Einträge wie folgt aus: /dev/vg01/lvol1 /usr ext4 defaults 1 2 ===== Links ===== [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/08/how-to-create-lvm/|How To Create LVM Using vgcreate, lvcreate, and lvextend lvm2 Commands]]\\ [[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/47380/where-does-lvm-store-data|Where does LVM store data?]]\\ [[http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm|A Beginner's Guide To LVM]]\\ [[http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/LVM#LV_.28Logical_Volume.29|LVM]] VERY GOOD SOURCE!\\ [[http://www.funtoo.org/LVM_Fun#Physical_volumes_creation|LVM Fun]] VERY GOOD SOURCE!\\ [[http://serverfault.com/questions/223361/how-to-recover-logical-volume-deleted-with-lvremove|How to recover logical volume deleted with lvremove]]\\ [[http://www.novell.com/support/kb/doc.php?id=3803380|LVM Volume Group Shows "unknown device"]] [[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/pvresize.htm|pvresize - Unix, Linux Command]] http://www.linuxhaven.de/dlhp/HOWTO-test/DE-LVM-HOWTO-2.html\\ http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/40702/how-to-manage-and-use-lvm-logical-volume-management-in-ubuntu/